SOIL SEED BANK OF AN EXOTIC Acacia sp. PLANTATION AND AN ADJACENT TROPICAL HEATH FOREST IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Downloads
Acacias are among the most successful invasive plants in tropical regions, causing significant negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services of invaded habitats. Their invasiveness is partly attributed to their ability to accumulate large soil seed banks in areas they colonize. This study compared seedling emergence and soil seed bank composition under an Acacia mangium plantation and an adjacent tropical heath (kerangas) forest in the Andulau Forest Reserve, Brunei Darussalam. Soil samples were collected from ten 20 × 20 m plots established in three contrasting habitats: the plantation, the adjacent heath forest, and the transition zone between them. Soil samples were subjected to smoke and heat treatments, and seedling emergence was monitored daily over a 12-week period. In a parallel assessment, variations in species richness, seed density, and seed viability were examined across the ten plots. Seedling emergence was highest in the plantation and lowest in the heath forest plots. However, no significant differences among treatments and no significant treatment–habitat interactions were detected. Species richness, seed density, and seed viability in the plantation plots were significantly lower than those in the transition zone and intact heath forest plots. Acacia mangium seeds were not detected in the heath forest soil seed banks but were found in plantation and transition zone plots. The lower native plant species richness, seed density, and viability in the plantation may indicate a higher regeneration potential for the heath forest habitat should major disturbance occur within the reserve. Proper plantation management and continuous monitoring of soil seed banks are recommended to minimize the spread of invasive Acacia species into tropical heath forests of Borneo.
Ashton PMS, Harris PG, Thadani R. 1998. Soil seed bank dynamics in relation to topographic position of a mixed-deciduous forest in southern New England, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 111: 15–22.
Auld TD. 1986. Population dynamics of the shrub Acacia suaveolens (Sm.) Willd.: fire and the transition to seedlings. Australian Journal of Ecology 11: 373–385.
Ball DA, Miller SD. 1989. A comparison of techniques for estimation of arable soil seedbanks and their relationship to weed flora. Weed Research 29: 365–373.
Barcenas-Moreno G, Gomez-Brandon M, Rousk J, Baath E. 2009. Adaptation of soil microbial communities to temperature: comparison of fungi and bacteria in a laboratory experiment. Global Change Biology 15: 2950–2957.
Baskin CC, Baskin JM. 2014. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, 2nd ed. San Diego (US): Academic Press.
Bossuyt B, Hermy M. 2003. The potential of soil seed banks in the ecological restoration of grassland and heathland communities. Belgian Journal of Botany 136(1): 23–34.
Carruthers J, Robin L, Hattingh JP, Kull CA, Rangan H, Wilgen BWV. 2011. A native at home and abroad: the history, politics, ethics, and aesthetics of Acacias. Diversity and Distributions 17: 810–821.
Colautti RI, Grigorovich IA, MacIsaac HJ. 2006. Propagule pressure: a null model for biological invasions. Biological Invasions 8: 1023–1037.
Cordell S, Cabin RJ, Hadway LJ. 2002. Physiological ecology of native and alien dry forest shrubs in Hawaii. Biological Invasions 4(4): 387–396.
Corlett RT. 2010. Invasive aliens on tropical East Asian islands. Biodiversity and Conservation 19: 411–423.
Crist TO, Friese CF. 1993. The impacts of fungi on soil seeds: implications for plants and granivores in a semiarid shrub-steppe. Ecology 74(8): 2231–2239.
Dalling JW, Denslow JS. 1998. Soil seed bank composition along a forest chronosequence in seasonally moist tropical forest, Panama. Journal of Vegetation Science 9(5): 669–678.
Darbar SR, Lakzian A. 2007. Evaluation of chemical and biological consequences of soil sterilization methods. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 5(2): 87–91.
Davies KW, Sheley RL. 2007. A conceptual framework for preventing the spatial dispersal of invasive plants. Weed Science 55(2): 178–184.
De Vogel EF. 1980. Seedling of Dicotyledons: Structure, Development, Types. Descriptions of 150 Woody Malesian Taxa. Wageningen (NL): Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation.
Din H, Metali F, Sukri RS. 2015. Tree diversity and community composition of the Tutong white sands, Brunei Darussalam: a rare tropical heath forest ecosystem. International Journal of Ecology (2015): 1–10.
Dixon KW, Roche S, Pate JS. 1995. The promotive effect of smoke derived from burnt native vegetation on seed germination of western Australian plants. Oecologia 101: 185–192.
Enright NJ, Goldblum D. 1999. Demography of a non-sprouting and resprouting Hakea species (Proteaceae) in fire-prone shrublands of south-western Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 47: 141–153.
Fernando ES, Suarez RK. 2010. Plant biology and conservation in the Philippines: challenges and opportunities. Blumea 55: 78–81.
Foxcroft LC, Pyšek P, Richardson DM, Genovesi P. 2013. Plant invasions in protected areas: patterns, problems and challenges. In: Foxcroft LC, Pyšek P, Richardson DM, Genovesi P, editors. Plant Invasions in Protected Areas: Patterns, Problems and Challenges. Dordrecht (NL): Springer. p. 1–23.
Gioria M, Osborne BA. 2014. Resource competition in plant invasions: emerging patterns and research needs. Frontiers in Plant Science 5: 1–21.
Gooden B, French K. 2014. Impacts of alien plant invasion on native plant communities are moderated by disturbance regimes. Oecologia 175(1): 293–305.
Gourlet-Fleury S, Bontemps JD, Mortier F, et al. 2013. Tropical forest recovery from logging: a 20-year silvicultural experiment from central Africa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 368: 20120302.
Halassy M. 2004. Proven management and restoration techniques in degraded habitats. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2(2): 55–72.
Hussain MI, González-Rodríguez L, Reigosa MJ. 2011. Allelopathic potential of Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Plant Growth Regulation 63: 1–9.
Keeley JE, Fotheringham CJ. 1998. Smoke-induced seed germination in California chaparral. Ecology 79(7): 2320–2336.
Khafaga AF, Abd El-Gawad AM. 2021. Ecological risk and management of the invasive alien plant Prosopis juliflora in arid ecosystems. Environmental Challenges 3: 100041.
Lamb A. 2017. A Guide to Wild Fruits of Borneo. Kota Kinabalu (MY): Natural History Publications.
Le Maitre DC, Gaertner M, Marchante E, et al. 2011. Impacts of invasive Australian Acacias: implications for management and restoration. Diversity and Distributions 17: 1015–1029
.
Legendre P, Legendre L. 2012. Numerical Ecology, 3rd English ed. Amsterdam (NL): Elsevier.
Mack RN, Simberloff D, Lonsdale WM, et al. 2000. Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecological Applications 10(3): 689–710.
Metali F, Salim A, Burslem DFRP. 2015. Controls on leaf litter decomposition in tropical heath forests. Plant Ecology & Diversity 8(1): 139–149.
Milberg P, Lamont BB. 1995. Fire enhances weed invasion of roadside vegetation in south-western Australia. Biological Conservation 73: 45–49.
Moles AT, Drake DR. 1999. Potential contribution of the seed bank to regeneration of native forest under plantation pine in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 37: 83–93.
Morris EC. 2000. Germination response of seven east Australian Grevillea species (Proteaceae) to smoke, heat exposure and charred wood. Australian Journal of Botany 48: 179–189.
Murdoch AJ. 1997. The ecology of seed banks. In: Fenner M, editor. Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. Wallingford (UK): CAB International. p. 83–110.
N’guessan AK, Traoré D, Yéo K, et al. 2020. Impact of Acacia mangium plantations on soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in tropical ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management 457: 117703.
Nelson DW, Sommers LE. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR, editors. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Madison (US): ASA-SSSA. p. 539–579.
O’Dowd DJ, Green PT, Lake PS. 2003. Invasional meltdown on an oceanic island. Ecology Letters 6: 812–817.
Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Friendly M, et al. 2019. vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.5-6.
Parrotta JA. 1999. Productivity, nutrient cycling, and succession in single- and mixed-species plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus robusta, and Leucaena leucocephala in Puerto Rico. Forest Ecology and Management 124: 45–77.
Pearson TRH, Brown S, Casarim FM. 2014. Carbon storage in tropical plantation and secondary forests: comparing aboveground biomass and soil carbon. Ecosystems 17: 280–293.
Pyšek P, Richardson DM. 2010. Invasive species, environmental change and management, and health. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 35: 25–55.
R Core Team. 2021. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna (AT): R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Ramsey FL, Schafer DW. 2013. The Statistical Sleuth: A Course in Methods of Data Analysis. 3rd ed. Boston (US): Cengage Learning.
Richardson DM, Holmes PM, Esler KJ, et al. 2007. Riparian vegetation: degradation, alien plant invasions, and restoration prospects. Diversity and Distributions 13: 126–139.
Richardson DM, Rejmánek M. 2011. Trees and shrubs as invasive alien species — a global review. Diversity and Distributions 17: 788–809.
Sakai AK, Allendorf FW, Holt JS, et al. 2001. The population biology of invasive species. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32: 305–332.
Santana VM, Marrs RH. 2014. Flammability properties of British heathland vegetation: the importance of species, fuel structure and moisture content. Forest Ecology and Management 325: 21–29.
Sheil D, Burslem DFRP. 2013. Defining and defending Connell’s intermediate disturbance hypothesis: a response to Fox. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 28(10): 571–572.
Simpson RL, Leck MA, Parker VT. 1989. Ecology of Soil Seed Banks. San Diego (US): Academic Press.
van Breugel M, Hall JS, Craven D, et al. 2013. Early growth and survival of 49 tropical tree species across sites differing in soil fertility and rainfall in Panama. Forest Ecology and Management 360: 117–126.
Williams PA, Karl BJ. 2002. Birds and weeds in New Zealand forests: bird dispersal of exotic weeds. Biological Invasions 4: 369–384.
Zuur AF, Ieno EN, Walker NJ, Saveliev AA, Smith GM. 2009. Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R. New York (US): Springer.
Copyright (c) 2017 BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree with the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work 1 year after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons attribution-noncommerical-noderivates 4.0 International License that allows others to share, copy and redistribute the work in any medium or format, but only where the use is for non-commercial purposes and an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal is mentioned.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
