NUTRIENT PROFILE BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE (HERMETIA ILLUCENS): EFFECT OF FEEDING SUBSTRATE AND HARVESTED TIME
Downloads
The objective of this study was to asses the effect of different feeding substrates (FS), harvesting times (HT), and the interaction between FS and HT on the chemical composition of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). The experiment used a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement with two main factors, FS (T1, T2, T3, T4), and HT (15-d and 20-d). Thus, there were eight treatment combinations, all together with five replications. The results show that there was no interaction (P>0.05) between FS and HT on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude lipid (CL), phosphorus (P), gross energy (GE), and amino acid contents. The ash content of BSFL grown on T2 media and harvested on day 15 was higher (P<0.05) than those grown on T2 media and harvested on day 20. The calcium (Ca) content of BSFL grown on all media and harvested on day 20 was higher (P<0.05) than those harvested on day 15. In conclusion, combining fruit wastes and tofu by-products produced BSFL with high CP content but low CL, ash, Ca, and P contents. In addition, BSFL grown on all substrates media and harvested on day 15 had better CP, Ca, and P contents. The dispensable amino acid of BSFLs fed with T3 diets was the best. The lowest body weight gain was produced by feeding a substrate containing a high percentage of rice bran. The findings indicate that the best nutrient composition of BSFL as animal feed would be achieved in early harvest time (15-d) and grown in heterogeneous feeding substrates.
Downloads
AOAC. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th Ed. Arlington (US): Association of Official Agricultural Chemists.
AOAC. 2012. Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemist 19th edition, Washington D.C., USA.
Aviles-Gaxiola S, Chuck-Hernandez C, and and Sald´ıvar SOS. 2018 Inactivation methods of trypsin inhibitor in legumes: A Review. J Food Sci 83(1): 17-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13985
Awad EA, Zulkifli I, Soleimani AF, Loh TC. 2015. Individual non-essential amino acids fortification of a low-protein diet for broilers under the hot and humid tropical climate. Poult Sci 94: 2772-2777. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev258
Barragan-Fonseca1 KB, Dicke M, van Loon JJA. 2017. Nutritional value of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) and its suitability as animal feed – a review. J Insect Food Feed 3(2): 105-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2016.0055
Beniers JJA. 2021 Enzyme localization in the digestive tract of black soldier fly larvae, by freeze-substitution and glycol methacrylate inclusion. Master Thesis. Laval University, Canada.
Bondari K, Sheppard DC. 1987. Soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L., larvae as feed for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), and blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner), Aquaculture Res 18(3):209-220 Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1365-2109.1987.tb00141.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1987.tb00141.x
Bosch G, Zhang S, Dennis GABO, Wouter HH. 2014. Protein quality of insects as potential ingredients for dog and cat foods. J Nut Sci. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4473158/pdf/S2048679014000238a.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2014.23
Čičková H, Newton, GL, Lacy RC, Kozánek M. 2015. The use of fly larvae for organic waste treatment. Waste Management 35: 68-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.09.026
Dimiyati F. 2021. Pemerintah Sebut Impor Bungkil Kedelai Masih Sangat Besar. [cited December 10, 2022]. Available from https://www.poultryindonesia.com/en/pemerintah-sebut-impor-bungkil-kedelai-masih-sangat-besar/
Ewald N, Vidakovic A, Langeland M, Kiessling A, Sampels S, Lalander C. 2020. Fatty acid composition of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) – Possibilities and limitations for modification through diet. Waste Manegement 10: 40-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.014
Felicia, Suhartono MTW. 2021. Enzyme activitties of black soldier (Hermetia illucens) larvae. [cited on December 10, 2023). Available from http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/105979
Hofmann H, Siegert W, Naranjo VD, Rodehutscord M. 2020. Effects of supplemented non essential amino acids and non protein nitrogen on growth and nitrogen excretion characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets with very low crude protein concentrations. Poult Sci 99: 6848. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.003
Hopkins I, Newman LP, Gill H, Danaher J. 2021. The influence of food waste rearing substrates on black soldier fly larvae protein composition: a systematic review. Insects 12(7): 608 Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070608 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070608
Kim W, Bae S, Park K, Lee S, Choi Y, Han S, Koh Y. 201. Biochemical characterization of digestive enzymes in the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). J Asia Pac Entomol 14: 11-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2010.11.003
Kinasih I, Putra RE, Permana AD, Gusmara FF, Nurhadi MY, Anitasari RA. 2018. Growth performance of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) Fed on Some Plant Based Organic Wastes. Hayati J Biosc 25(2): 79. https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.25.2.79 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.25.2.79
Lan PTP, Quan NH, Ngoan LD, Hong TTT and Tram NDQ. 2022. Amino acid and fatty acid compositions of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) fed by Tofu by-products in Viet Nam. Lives Res Rural Dev 34(84).
Lu S, Taethaisong N, Meethip W, Surakhunthod J, Sinpru B, Sroichak T, Archa P, Thongpea, Paengkoum P. 2022. Nutritional composition of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens l.) and its potential uses as alternative protein sources in animal diets: a review. Insects 13:831. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.3390/insects13090831 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13090831
Nalle CL, Angi AH, Supit MAJ, Ambarwati S. 2019. Aflatoxin and ochratoxin a contamination in corn grains and sago (putak meal) from different sources for poultry in West Timor, Indonesia. Int J Poult Sci 18(8):353-360 Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ ijps.2019.353.360 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2019.353.360
Natalia H, Huda RN, Gautama RG, Pradityo PS, Wijayanti S. 2019. Perkembangan pemasukan bahan pakan asal tumbuhan (BPAT). Direktorat Pakan, Ditjen Peternakan dan kesehatanj Hewan, Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia.
Patterson PH, Acar N, Ferguson AD, Trimble D, Sciubba HB, Koutsos EA. 2021. The impact of dietary Black Soldier Fly larvae oil and meal on laying hen performance and egg quality. Poult Sci 100(8): 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101272
Permana AD, Putra JENRAE. 2018. Growth of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae fed on spent coffee ground. IOP Conference Series: Earth Env Sci 187: 012070. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/187/1/012070/pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/187/1/012070
Siegert W, Rodehutscord M. 2018. Non essential amino acids – the forgotten nutrients? World’s Poult Sci J. Proceeding The XV th European Poultry Conference. 53-P61.
Spranghers T. 2020. Amino acid composition and requirements of black soldier fly larvae. Report. Bioboost. November 4 2020. [cited on February 2023]. Available from; https://www.bioboosteurope.com/assets/files/BIOBOOST-Report-Amino-acid-composition-and-requirements-of-BSF-larvae.pdf
Supriyatna A, Ukit. 2016a. Screening and isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from gut of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) feeding with rice straw. J Bio Bio Edu 8(3): 314-320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i3.6762
Supriyatna A, Manurung R, Esyanti RR, and Putra RE. 2016b. Growth of Black Soldier Larvae fed on cassava peel wastes, an agriculture waste. J Ent Zoo Studies 4(6): 161-165.
Tschirner M, Simon A. 2015. Influence of different growing substrates and processing and the nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae destined for animal feed. J Insects Food Feed 1(4): 249-259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2014.0008
Copyright (c) 2023 CATOOTJIE LUSJE NALLE, Ms Maria R. Weko, Mr. F. Bao, Ms Klara I. S. Una, Ms Hendrika Mia, Ms Marcelina Viana, Mr. Abner T. Lema, Mr. Asrul, Mrs. Helda, Mr. Lodovikus Wale, Ms. Maria E. Ega, Mr. yacob M. Buritnaban
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree with the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work 1 year after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons attribution-noncommerical-noderivates 4.0 International License that allows others to share, copy and redistribute the work in any medium or format, but only where the use is for non-commercial purposes and an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal is mentioned.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
