SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING OF LAND USE CHANGE IN WEST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
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The main effects of human activities on the environment result in land use and land cover changes. Land overexploitation and development activities in West Kalimantan of Indonesia necessitated the focus of this research which aims to analyze and predict land use changes in West Kalimantan. The results of such a study assist researchers, planners, and policy makers to formulate suitable land use policies in the future in order to balance economic development and natural resource conservation. Moreover, it makes Indonesia shift from middle income to become a developed country in 2030. Methodology employs field observation, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and system dynamics modeling. The field observation covered communities in several locations in the study site to identify patterns of land use. The system dynamics was applied to analyze the land use change system and estimate the extents of land cover change in the future. The study showed several outcomes: (i) The main leverage factors in the land use change system in West Kalimantan were the desire to reach the expected economic growth and the increased per capita consumption of edible oil globally; (ii) In the business-as-usual modeling, the increasing global demand for edible oil will lead to significant increment of oil palm plantation area, even the total area of plantation could be wider compared to that of the remaining forest area by 2030; (iii) Key interventions that need to be considered in the future is to conduct reforestation (with reforestation rate of at least 0.5% per year) and limited oil palm plantation development to a maximum of 50% of developed area.
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