TEA SAPONIN MODULATES IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION PROFILE AND REDUCES METHANE PRODUCTION: A META-ANALYSIS

in vitro, meta-analysis, methane, protozoa, rumen, tea saponin

Authors

  • Yulianri Rizki Yanza
    yryanza@edu.uir.ac.id
    Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Riau (UIR), Pekanbaru 28284, Indonesia, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-7644
  • Nurhayatun Mahmudah Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Riau (UIR), Pekanbaru 28284, Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Cecep Animal science research center, Food and Agricultural research organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8856-661X
  • Anuraga Jayanegara Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7529-9770
  • Ainissya Fitri Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911, Indonesia, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5670-3659
  • Fitri Ramadhani Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Riau (UIR), Pekanbaru 28284, Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Hindun Syarifah Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Riau (UIR), Pekanbaru 28284, Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Hasan Basri Jumin Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Riau (UIR), Pekanbaru 28284, Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Dedek Andrian Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Riau (UIR), Pekanbaru 28284, Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Melissa Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Riau (UIR), Pekanbaru 28284, Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Nurul Fauziah Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Riau (UIR), Pekanbaru 28284, Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Leo Adhar Effendi Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Riau (UIR), Pekanbaru 28284, Indonesia, Indonesia
February 24, 2023
April 1, 2023

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Saponins are secondary plant metabolites binding hydrophobic non-sugar components that can reduce ruminant methane (CH4) production. Previous studies revealed that tea saponin is one of the common sources of saponins used to reduce enteric CH4 production. However, the effect of different levels of dietary tea saponin on rumen fermentation remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the effect of tea saponin on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production through a meta-analysis approach. A total of 6 articles were selected and included in the meta-analysis database, continued by the statistical analysis using SAS software through mixed model formula. The results showed that tea saponin levels lowered in vitro organic matter degradability (IVOMD) and in vitro dried matter degradability (IVDMD; P=0.01) by a linear response. Furthermore, increased tea saponin levels in the diet reduced enteric CH4 emission expressed as CH4/DM substrate and CH4/IVOMD by a quadratic (P=0.01) and a linear response (P=0.04), respectively. Increased tea saponin levels also tended to decrease gas production linearly (P=0.08). Tea saponins inclusion also decreased pH levels linearly (P=0.04) but increased NH3 quadratically (P=0.01). Moreover, total VFA concentration in the rumen also raised quadratically, followed by the increased acetate (C2) and propionate (C3) proportion by a linear response (P<0.05). As a result, the C2/C3 ratio was decreased in a linear response (P=0.01) by the increased tea saponin levels, where the protozoa population was also diminished by a quadratic response (P=0.01). In conclusion, tea saponin levels directly reduced enteric CH4 production by diminishing microbial populations. 

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