Spore Production and Inoculum Formulation of Claroideoglomus Etunicatum and its Application in Maize (Zea Mays)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56060/bdv.2024.3.2.2297Keywords:
colonization, nutrient film technique, pot culture system, spore densityAbstract
Recently, the demand for AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi) fertilizer for agriculture, plantation, and forestry in Indonesia has been very high. Meanwhile, the unavailability of an applicable AMF inoculum that's easy to use and inexpensive is one of the constraints on AMF application as a fertilizer in the field. It indicates that the best formulated inoculum must be found. The study aimed to produce AMF spores using conventional and hydroponic system, formulate the best AMF inoculum, and measure the growth response in maize (Zea mays) after applying the formulated inoculum. In the formulation stage, the study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 1 factor. The factor was the type of formulation. Data were analyzed using SAS software version 9 and further tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% alpha (α) level. The results reported that the conventional pot culture technique (CVNE2) treatment that had been inoculated by Claroideoglomus etunicatum produced the highest spore density amount of 350 ± 6.97 per 10 g of zeolites (P<0.05). On the other hand, the hydroponic NFT (NFTE2) treatment that had been inoculated by C. etunicatum obtained the highest AMF percent colonization amount of 98% ± 2.66% (P<0.05). Analysis of variance in the formulation stage showed TZ60F1 treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) in increasing plant height, the number of leaves, and dry weight of Zea mays, respectively 120 cm ± 1.7 cm; 15 ± 0.84; 26.3 g ± 2.46 g in 3 months after application.
Downloads
References
Akmal, N., Yani, W.H., Khasanah, Y.I., dan Zuraidah. (2019). Komposisi fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) pada beberapa jenis pohon di pegunungan Gampong Iboih Sabang. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biotik, 26-29. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/pbio.v7i1.9703
Aryanto, A.T., Karti, P.D., Prihantoro, I. (2018). Evaluasi produksi dan kualitas inokulum fungi mikoriza arbuskula yang diproduksi dengan teknik hidroponik pada rumput Brachiaria decumbens var. Mullato. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan, 16(2):10-19.
Begum, N., Qin, C., Ahanger, M.A., Raza, S., Khan, M.I., Ashraf, M., Ahmed, N., Zhang, L. (2019). Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant growth regulation: implications in abiotic stress tolerance. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10:1068. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01068
Berners-Lee, M., Kennelly, C., Watson, R., Hewitt, C.N. (2018). Current global food production is sufficient to meet human nutritional needs in 2050 provided there is radical societal adaptation. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 6:2-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.310
Burleigh, S.H., Cavagnaro, T., Jakobsen, I. (2002). Functional diversity of arbuscular mycorrhiza extends to the expression of plant genes involves in P nutrition. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(374):1593–1601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erf013
Ebrahim, M.K.H. & Saleem, A.R. (2017). Alleviating salt stress in tomato inoculated with mycorrhizae: Photosynthetic performance and enzymatic antioxidants. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 11(6):850-860. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2017.02.002
Hermawan, H., Muin, A., Wulandari, R.S. (2015). Kelimpahan fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) pada tegakan Ekaliptus (Eucalyptus pellita) berdasarkan tingkat kedalaman di lahan gambut. Jurnal Hutan Lestari, 3(1):124-132. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jhl.v3i1.9600
Nurlaeli, H. (2012). Enkapsulasi cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) dengan campuran natrium alginat-lidah buaya serta uji infektivitas pada inang tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum). Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. (Doctoral dissertation).
Proia, L., Osorio, V., Soley, S., Köck-Schulmeyer, M., Pérez, S., Barceló, D., Romaní, A.M., Sabater, S. (2013). Effects of pesticides and pharmaceuticals on biofilms in a highly impacted river. Environmental Pollution, 178:220-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.022.
Rahayu, Y.R. (2014). The role mychorhizae and Rhizobium to increase plant tolerance grown on saline soil. In Sutrisno, H., Dwandaru, W.S.B., Krisnawan, K.P., Darmawan, D., Priyambodo, E., Yulianti, E., Nurohman, S., eds. Proceeding of International Conference on Research, Implementation and Education of Mathematics and Sciences. Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 18–20 May 2014, Yogyakarta State University, 195-202 pp.
Rajput, P., Thakur, A., Devi, P. (2020). Emerging agrochemicals contaminants: current status, challenges, and technological solutions. In Prasad, M.N.V., eds. Agrochemicals detection, treatment and remediation: pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Butterworth-Heinemann, 117-142 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-103017-2.00005-2.
Rani, L., Thapa, K., Kanojia, N., Sharma, N., Singh, S., Grewal, A.S., Srivastav, A.L., Kaushal, J. (2021). An extensive review on the consequences of chemical pesticides on human health and environment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 283:124657. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124657
Richardson, J.R., Roy, A., Shalat, S.L., Von Stein, R.T., Hossain, M.M., Buckley, B., Gearing, M., Levey, A.I., German, D.C. (2014). Elevated serum pesticide levels and risk for Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurology, 71(3):284-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.6030
Rini, M.V. & Rozalinda, V. (2020). Pengaruh tanaman inang dan media tanam pada produksi fungi mikoriza arbuskular. Jurnal Agrotropika, 15(1). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/ja.v15i1.4246
Ristiyanti, A.Y., Maria, V.R., Syamsul, M.A., Sri, Y. (2013). Pengaruh pemberian fungi mikoriza arbuskula dan kompos limbah kakao pada pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Agroteek Tropika, 1(2):121-127.
Rodrigues e Silva, M.T., Calandrelli, A., Miamoto, A., Rinaldi, L.K., Pereira Moreno, B., da Silva, C., Dias-Arieira, C.R. (2021). Pre-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affects essential oil quality and the reproduction of root lesion nematode in Cymbopogon citratus. Mycorrhiza, 31(5):613-623. DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01045-2
Rosita, R. (2021). Pertumbuhan dan kemampuan fitoremediasi Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. yang diperkaya Claroideoglomus etunicatum dan Bacillus sp. pada tanah bekas tambang batu bara. IPB University (Master thesis,). DOI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/107606
Rosita, R., Widiastuti, R., Mansur, I., Faulina, S.A. (2020). Potential use of Claroideoglomus etunicatum to enrich signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.) for silvopasture preparation. E-Journal Menara Perkebunan, 88(1):61-68. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i1.364
Sastrahidayat, R., Sulistyowati, L., Djauhari, S., Muhibuddin, A., Saleh, N. (2010). Biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii (caused damping-off disease) on soybean varities using Streptomyces sp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Proceeding of The 8th International Symposium on Biocontrol and Biotechnology, Pattaya, Thailand, 4-6 October 2010, pp. 83-91.
Schüßler, A. & Walker, C. (2010). The Glomeromycota: a species list with new families and new genera. The Royal Botanic Garden Kew, Botanische Staatssammlung Munich, and Oregon State University. www.amf-phylogeny.com
Sieverding, E., Friedrichsen, J., Suden, W. (1991). Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza management in tropical agrosystems. German: Sonderpublikation der GTZ (Germany).
Simanungkalit, R. (2004). Teknologi cendawan mikoriza arbuskular: produksi inokulan dan pengawasan mutunya. Prosiding Seminar Mikoriza Teknologi dan Pemanfaatan Inokulan Endo-Ektomikoriza untuk Pertanian, Perkebunan, dan Kehutanan. Bandung, Indonesia, 16 September 2003, Universitas Padjadjaran, hlm. 7-17.
Souza, T. (2015). Handbook of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Cham (CH): International Publishing.
Srivastava, P., Saxena, B., Giri, B. (2017). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: green approach/technology for sustainable agriculture and environment. In Varma, A., Prasad, R., Tuteja, N., eds. Mycorrhiza - nutrient uptake, biocontrol, ecorestoration. Springer, Cham. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68867-1_20
Susanti, R., Suryanti, E., & Rosita, R. (2023, November). EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI PUPUK NPK DALAM KULTUR TRAPPING FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.). In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi (Vol. 11, pp. 51-57).
Tawaraya, K., Hashimoto, K., Wagatsuma, T. (1998). Effect of root exudate fractions from P-deficient and P-sufficient onion plants on root colonisation by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita. Mycorrhiza, 8(2):67-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s005720050214
Tripama, B., Yahya, M.R. (2018). Respon konsentrasi nutrisi hidroponik terhadap tiga jenis tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea l.). Agritrop: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian (Journal of Agricultural Science), 16(2):237-249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32528/agritrop.v16i2.1807
Wulandari, D., Agus, C., Rosita, R., Mansur, I., Maulana, A.H. (2022). Impact of tin mining on soil physio-chemical properties in Bangka, Indonesia. Journal Sains Teknologi Lingkungan, 2(14):114-121.
Yao, Q., Li, X., Feng, G., Christie, P. (2001). Mobilization of sparingly soluble inorganic phosphates by the external mycelium of an abuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Plant and Soil, 230(2):279-285. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010367501363
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Risa Rosita, Deden Dewantara Eris, Aslan Aslan, Zulhamsyah Imran
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree with the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work 1 year after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons attribution-noncommerical-noderivates 4.0 International License that allows others to share, copy and redistribute the work in any medium or format, but only where the use is for non-commercial purposes and an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal is mentioned.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
