REGULATION OF ADIPOGENESIS AND KEY ADIPOGENIC GENE EXPRESSION BY MANGOSTEEN PERICARP EXTRACT AND XANTHONES IN 3T3-L1 CELLS

Obesity is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis, and its occurrence and development are associated with fat accumulation and adipocyte differentiation. Thus, the suppression of adipocyte differentiation can be a potential anti-obesity approach. This study examined the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract (MPE) and xanthones (α-Mangostin (AM) and γ-Mangostin (GM)) on the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ, and FAS in 3T3-L1 cells. Concentrations of MPE and xanthones used were based on cytotoxicity assays on 3T3-L1 cells. Three different MPE concentrations (0, 25, and 50 µg/mL), three AM concentrations (0, 25, and 50 µM), and GM concentrations (0, 50, and 75 µM) were used. The expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ, and FAS genes were measured using real-time quantitative PCR. Gene expression was downregulated in cells treated with 50 µg/mL MPE and 50 µM GM. However, 25 µM and 50 µM AM did not suppress PPARγ and SCD1 expression. The 50 µM AM treatment also failed to reduce aP2 gene expression. Overall, MPE and GM demonstrated potential anti-adipogenesis and anti-obesity effects by suppressing the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ, and FAS in 3T3-L1 cells.