SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES PRODUCED BY EUPENICILLIUM JAVANICUM AND ASPERGILLUS NIGER NRRL 337 ON PALM OIL FACTORY WASTES

The use of palm kernel cake (PKC) and palm oil mill effluent (POME), substances from palm oil factory wastes, for
monogastric is limited by their high cellulose and mannan contents. Hydrolytic enzymes have been supplemented to
increase the nutrient digestibility. The maximal digestibility was obtained in the synergistic action of all enzyme
components including B-D-endoglucanase (CMCase), B-D-glucosidase, B-D-mannanase, p-D-mannosidase, and oc-D-
galactosidase. Two kinds of enzymes produced by Eupenicillium javanicum  and Aspergillus niger NRRL 337 on the
submerged culture containing 3% coconut meal were selected to hydrolyze PKC or dry POME. Enzyme from E. javanicum
contained higher CMCase, B-D-mannanase, and a-D-galactosidase activities, while that from  A. niger  NRRL 337
contained more p-D-glucosidase and p-D-mannosidase activities. Saccharification (hydrolytic) activities of enzyme mixtures on
PKC and POME were determined at pH 5.0, the optimal pH for p-D-mannanase from  E. javanicum,  and at 5.4 the
optimal pH for a-D-galactosidase from  E. javanicum  and P-D-glucosidase from  A. niger NRRL 337. The enzyme
proportions of E. javanicum and A. niger NRRL 337 were 100 : 0, 80 : 20, 60 : 40, 40 : 60, and 0 : 100%. The highest
Saccharification activity on both substrates was observed on the mixture of 80% A. niger NRRL 337. The pH levels did not
significantly affect Saccharification activity. Fiber components in PKC were more digestable than in POME. Further analysis
on the reducing sugar components using thin layer chromatography showed that more monomers were produced in the 60 or
80% of A. niger NRRL 337. The glycosidases of A. niger NRRL 337 played more important role in the Saccharification
activity.
Keywords:        Synergistic activity/ palm kernel cake/palm oil mill effluent/ Eupenicillium javanicum/ Aspergillus niger
NRRL 337