TY - JOUR AU - Nagur, Kemala S. AU - Sukarno, Nampiah AU - Listiyowati, Sri PY - 2014/08/07 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Identification of Aspergillus flavus and Detection of Its Aflatoxin Genes Isolated from Peanut and Peanut Processed Products JF - BIOTROPIA JA - BIOTROPIA VL - 21 IS - 1 SE - Research Paper DO - 10.11598/btb.2014.21.1.398 UR - https://journal.biotrop.org/index.php/biotropia/article/view/398 SP - 59-70 AB - <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;" lang="EN-US">Aspergillus flavus </span></em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;" lang="EN-US">is one of the main fungi that are able to produce aflatoxin.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;" lang="EN-US">The presence of the fungi and its aflatoxin are become serious problem on food safety</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;" lang="EN-US">. This research was aimed to isolate and identify <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A. flavus</em> from peanut and its processed products collected from some traditional markets in Bogor, Depok and Jakarta, and detection of their aflatoxin genes. Fungal isolation was using AFPA media. Fungal identification was carried out by combining morphological and molecular analysis used species specific primers </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 200%;" lang="EN-US">FVAVIQ1/FLAQ2 and AFLA-F/AFLA-R, while detection of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>aflatoxin genes employed four specific primers of <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">apa-2</em> (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">aflR</em>), <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nor-1 </em>(<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">aflD</em>), <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ver-1</em> (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">aflM</em>) and <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">omt-1</em> (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">aflP</em>). From 36 samples, the <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A. flavus</em> group was only found in peanut kernels samples with </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;" lang="EN-US">viable count of specific colonies in the range of 0.01</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;" lang="EN-US">-5.52 x 10<sup>-4</sup> cfu/g.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 200%;" lang="EN-US"> The total 18 isolates were identified as <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A. flavus</em> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;" lang="EN-US">based on species specific primers FVAVIQ1/FLAQ2 and AFLA-F/AFLA-R by producing amplicons about 100 and 413 bp respectively. Based on aflatoxin gene analysis showed that all 18 isolates successfully amplified by both </span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 200%;" lang="EN-US">apa-2 </span></em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 200%;" lang="EN-US">and<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> nor-1</em>, 83.3 % by <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">omt-1</em> and 72.2 % by <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ver-1</em> genes which taking part in aflatoxin production. 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