@article{Palupi_Wibawan_Sudarnika_Maheshwari_Darusman_2019, title={PREVALENCE OF mcr-1 COLISTIN RESISTANT GENE IN Escherichia coli ALONG THE BROILER MEAT SUPPLY CHAIN IN INDONESIA}, volume={26}, url={https://journal.biotrop.org/index.php/biotropia/article/view/1054}, DOI={10.11598/btb.2019.26.2.1054}, abstractNote={<p>Colistin is the last drug choice for dealing with the carbapenem-resistant <em>Enterobacteriaceae </em>bacteria; hence, this drug is very crucial to human health. The discovery of a plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant gene, the <em>mobilized colistin resistance-1</em> (<em>mcr-1</em>), signals a significant global health threat. Colistin sulfate is an antimicrobial agent which has been approved for use in broilers in Indonesia. Thus, this study aimed to measure the prevalence of colistin-resistant <em>E. coli</em> and to detect the <em>mcr-1 </em>colistin-resistant gene in <em>E. coli,</em> and <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 in the entire supply chain of broilers in Bogor Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Samples were taken from 47 flocks that used colistin sulfate (47 samples of cloacal swabs, 47 samples of drinking water, and 47 samples of litters), seventy fresh meat samples and seven samples plucker swabs from seven small-scale poultry slaughterhouses, seventy fresh meat samples from seven traditional markets, and seventy cooked meat samples from seven small restaurants. The isolation of <em>E. coli</em> was done on each of the 358 samples, and 493 isolates were obtained. All the <em>E. coli</em> isolates were then tested for their susceptibility to colistin sulfate by using the agar dilution method. The detection of the <em>mcr</em>-1 gene from the colistin-resistant isolates (minimum inhibitory concentration > 2 µg/mL) was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence value of colistin-resistant <em>E. coli</em> in all the isolates was at 11.76% (CI 95%; CL 9.21–14.91%), and the prevalence of <em>mcr</em>-1 gene was at 10.55% CI 95%; CL 8.13–13.57%).  A very good agreement correlation existed between the colistin-resistant phenotype and the <em>mcr-1</em> gene (ĸ = 0.939). The <em>mcr-1 </em>gene was found in 89.66% colistin-resistant <em>E. coli</em> isolates. The two colistin-resistant and <em>mcr</em>-<em>1</em> carrying gene isolates were identified as <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 serotype. This research was the first study attempt on the <em>mcr</em>-1 gene in Indonesia, covering the entire supply chain of broiler meat from farms to consumers. The results indicated the necessity to reduce the use of colistin sulfate in broiler management and to improve biosecurity measures, not only in farms but also in the entire supply chain of broiler meat production.</p>}, number={2}, journal={BIOTROPIA}, author={Palupi, Maria Fatima and Wibawan, I Wayan Teguh and Sudarnika, Etih and Maheshwari, Hera and Darusman, Huda Shalahudin}, year={2019}, month={Jan.}, pages={143–153} }